Top plate - The topmost horizontal element of a stud-frame wall.
Ribbon (girt) - Normally a 1 X 4 board let into the studs horizontally to support the ceiling or second -floor joists.
Sill plate - A horizontal member anchored to a concrete or masonry wall.
Cripple - Short vertical "2 by 4's or 6's" frame lumber installed above a window or door.
Graduated Payment Mortgage (GPM) - A fixed -rate, fixed -schedule loan. It starts with lower payments than a level payment loan; payments rise annually, with the entire increase being used to reduce the outstanding balance. The increase in payments may enable the borrower to pay off a 30 -year loan in 15 to 20 years, or less.
Manufacturer's specifications - The written installation and/or maintenance instructions which are developed by the manufacturer of a product and which may have to be followed in order to maintain the product warrantee.
ú Grading permit - Authorization to change the contour of the land.
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